Depth of tenses and illustrations

       Past Tense                   Present Tense                   Future Tense
      (She read)                     (She reads)                    (She will read)
        ↑                                ↑                                  ↑

Tense	Usage	Example
Present Simple	Habits, general truths, routines	He works at a bank.
Present Progressive	Ongoing actions at present	Ravi is eating right now.
Present Perfect	Actions completed at an unspecified time	I have seen her last night.
Present Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Ongoing actions that started in the past and continue	We have been waiting for an hour.
Past Simple	Completed actions at a specific past time	Jenifer visited Paris last summer.
Past Progressive	Ongoing actions at a particular past time	I was sleeping when the phone rang.
Past Perfect	Actions completed before another past action	He had already left when I arrived.
Past Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Ongoing past actions before another past event	She had been studying for hours before the test.
Future Simple	Future predictions, plans, or promises	Keven will go to the party tomorrow.
Future Progressive	Ongoing actions at a future time	We will be working at 3 PM.
Future Perfect	Actions completed before a future time	I will have finished by next week.
Future Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Ongoing future actions until a specific time, focusing on duration	In 2025, they will have been living here for ten years.

The depth of Tenses in English grammar refers to how actions or states in relations to time are represented. As a rule English Tenses are classified into mainly three general types:

- Present Tense

- Past tense

- Future Tense

All the above English Tenses mentioned above are further subdivided into four types, they are as below:

- Simple tense

- Progressive or Continuous

- Perfect

- Perfect Progressive or Continuous

The Present Tense in English are used to describe current situation that are happening general truth, actions or states of being. And also refer to actions that are schedule to happened near in the future.

Tenses In English

Present Tenses
Tenses	Used For	Examples
Present Simple	Used for general truths, habits and regular actions	He reads magazine every morning
		The sun sets in the west
Present Progressive or Continuous	Actions happening right now or around the present time	Lucus is reading a book right now.
		We are studying for exams
Present Perfect	Actions that have occured at an unspecific time or have relevance to the present	He has finished her homework
		She has lived in Germany for seven years.
Present Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Actions that started in the past and continue into the present ,emphasizing the duration.	He has been doing this work for two hours
		They have been working on this project all day.

The Past Tense is used to describe actions or situations that happened before the present time shows the actions has already been completed. In some cases past tense describes an ongoing or you can say repeated actions in the past. The past tense is essential for narrating any events, describing stories and explaining what has happened in one’s personal life.

Tenses In English – Past Tense

Past Tenses
Tenses	Used For	Examples
Past Simple	Used for completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past	He read this magazine in the morning
		We visited the museum last week
Past Progressive or Continuous	Actions that were in progress at a particular moment in the past.	She was reading when the phone rang
		We were studying for exams when our friends came in the room
Past Perfect	Actions that were completed before before another actions in the past	He had left room before i arrived
		We had finished our work by the time i called
Past Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Actions for actions that were ongoing in the past before another past event, focusing o duration.	He had been doing this work for two hours when i called him
		They had been working on this project all morning before the meeting

The Future Tense actually used for describe events or actions that will happen after the present moment. The Future tense mainly used for plans, predictions, any intentions and any future events.

Tenses In English – Future Tense

Future Tenses
Tenses	Used For	Examples
Future Simple	Used for actions that will happen in the future	I will go to super market tomorrow
		I will visit my father next month
Future Progressive or Continuous	Actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future	We will be studying at 6pm
		She will be traveling to Germany next month
Future Perfect	Actions that will be completed before a specific point in the future	I will have finished the project by the next year
		He will have graduated by this time we arrive
Future Perfect Progressive or Continuous	Actions that will be ongoing until a certain point of time in the future focusing on duration.	By the next week ,we will have bee working here for seven years.
		In one month they will have been living in this city for a decade

Simple PRESent – At glance

When to use simple present

Verb “to be” in the present simple

Verbs in the 3rd person singular and their pronounciation

How to make sentences in the present simple

Simple PRESent – At glance
simple past

1. When Do we Use ?

We use Present Simple to say that something happens always and repeatedly.

We use Present Simple to say the things happen often

Use of VERB TO BE –am, is, are

Example :

I am – i’m
You are – You’re
He is – he’s
She is – She’s
They are – they’re

Simple past

The Simple past tense allows us to take about actions and events that happened in the pas. It is a key tool for expressing past experiences, routines, past habits and narrating stories.

Uses of the Simple Past Tense

Expressing Completed Actions ( I visited my grandfather last weekend)
Talking about Past Habits or Routines (I used to play soccer every Sunday)
Narrating Past Events (Once upon a time, there was a brave Knight)
Describing Past States or Conditions ( She was tired after a long at work)

Structure

Regular Verbs : Regular verbs follow a consistent pattern in past tense by adding ( -ed ) to the base form of verb.

affirmative ( + )
- Subject + Verb (base form + -ed ) + object
negative ( – )
- Subject + did not + verb ( base form ) + object
Interrogative ( ? )
- Did + subject + verb (base form ) + object?

List of Regular Verbs here

2.Irregular Verbs : Irregular verbs do not follow the consistent pattern, form vary need to be memorized.

Affirmative ( + )
- Subject + irregular verb ( V2 ) + object
negative ( – )
- subject + did not + verb (V1 ) + object
Interrogative ( ? )
- Did + subject + verb ( V1 ) + object ?

For Regular verb we add “-ed” to the base form of the verb.

Stop – Stopped
Walk – Walked
Dance – Danced
Cook – Cooked
- I cooked chicken for dinner last night

List of Irregular Verbs Here

Past time Expressions

yesterday : We went to the park last night
Last (day/week/month/year) : He traveled to Germany last month
In (year/decade/century) : i was born in 1990
Ago ( a week/two days/ a year) : she got married a year ago

Simple Future

Simple Future are used to express actions that will happen in the future. They can be formed using like “will” and “ne going to”. We use future tense when we want to make predictions, talk about planned events, or express any intentions.

Structures and examples

Affirmative (+)
- subject + will/shall + V ( base form)
  - Ex : I will go to Spain
Negative (-)
- subject + will not / won’t + V(base form)
  - I will not go to Spain
Interrogative ( ?)
- Will + subject/pronoun + V1 + objects
  - Will you join us later

Time Expression

We usually use the following time expression with the Future simple Tense

Tomorrow
Next ( week/month/year)
in ( a minute/ an hour)
soon
Later

Be Going To

We use “be going to” to express plans, intentions, and predictions based on present evidence or intentions

He’s going to do exercise tomorrow morning (intentions)
We are going to start a new project next month.(plan)
Look at those clouds! i think it’s going to rain ( prediction based on evidence)